ࡱ> j(  / 0|DTimes New RomanȷȷԳ0 0DHelveticaRomanȷȷԳ0 0 DWingdingsRomanȷȷԳ0 00DVerdanasRomanȷȷԳ0 0@DArialasRomanȷȷԳ0 0 @n?" dd@  @@``_<(WOESJ.WAV.WAV 10103RIFFWAVEfmt ++data~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~|||~~~~~zvtvxz|~zvrnlrv||vtrpptz~|xvtv|~~zxvvvz|~xrlhntzzvrrpprrx~|j[QU_|bICCYn[ICY~zlnh]_r|]SUSSjz|x__l~v_]drnUb|nfd_]d]5=rrnj]jz~lMldrx[[_f|YQfWK_xh[zx[CIjzxxdSQz|_fI9WӹM;QnvK;OUx~xj]]YS~ɵlM?plM;CGpٵ[)Kh|% %;xtKQS]ɖbGr|lSnvz~nfS[nëx;Az=+AYݻ|=/1r_ ?|潄W5/Czãf)/pvbMQr|O=OtjdhjlG?G_ɊK3לdQCMppW;1SŷAMz/#?bx͖SAM[hvhYp~~zrvt[]ptWOUtxxd]v~vvxzd_xzh_nrSQltbdp~_lrQ_l][tf]W]~hWfp|fWhnhbU[hzlSCWbYbnxpdhjvjM9Ot]GQ[dpp~hhhdpx~xh]Yntnrp]dlvjQMb|vdjpzxzztljr||_[r~~jb_j|z|xpp~~v]Wh||zx|x|zzndhpxr]Yfntzjl|z||~vppnrzphrxz|~|xtrjjtv~~vz|z||xrrv~xrprtz|||vzxvx|xtx~~~~~~~zxxxx|zxz~~~rrz~|xz~~|vtx|zxz|~~~||zx|||~~zz|zz~~~~|~~||~~||zz|~||z~~~~zxzz|~~~~|~~~|~||~~~~~~~~~~~~~|||~~~~~~~~~~~~~||~~||~||~~~~|||~~~~||||~~~~~~||||~~~~~~~~~~~|~~~~|zz~~~~~~~||||~~||~~~~~|||~~~~~|||~|~|~~~~|z|~~~~~~~|||~~~~~~~~||~~~~~~~~ @'     HHFHc $@8   %g4MdMd 0ppp@  <4!d!dȷȷ <4BdBdȷȷX $___PPT9/ 0d<, lL     T___PPTMac11.@f   hnamd` Arial&Monotype Typography    hnamd` Arial&Monotype Typography    hnamd` Arial&Monotype Typography    hnamd` Arial&Monotype Typography    hnamd` Arial&Monotype Typography    hnamd` Arial&Monotype Typography  ,namd$ Helvetica  ,namd$ Helvetica,   ,namd$ Helvetica   ,namd$ Helvetica   ,namd$ Helvetica   ,namd$ Helvetica  ,namd$ Helvetica  ,namd$ Helvetica l ,namd$ Helvetica   ,namd$ Helvetica   ,namd$ Helvetica   ,namd$ Helvetica   0namd(Verdana   ,namd$ Helvetica   ,namd$ Helvetica  ,namd$ Helvetica  ,namd$ Helvetica  ,namd$ Helvetica  ,namd$ Helvetica  ,namd$ Helvetica  ,namd$ Helvetica  ,namd$ Helvetica  ,namd$ Helvetica  ,namd$ Helvetica  ,namd$ Helvetica   ,namd$ Helvetica   ,namd$ Helvetica  h___PPT2001D<4X___PPT10 P 8 x     ? %9Intercultural Pedagogics  _ Corrie Tijsseling, M.Sc. in Theory and History of Pedagogics FEAPDA-2005, Geneva, Switzerland `?! `  Introduction    Sexual abuse; interviews with pupils and clients. Addition to identity-confusion in Deaf/HoH adolescents: a conflict between the culture of the family and the culture in the institute Viataal. Project RESPECT: change of culture at Viataal. Intercultural pedagogics: respect for diversity!! ! "Parenting styles in other cultures #"( # Gardiner et al. (1998), found a difference in: (duration of) breastfeeding Sleeping (in parental bed or own bed) Closeness (carry the child with you or not) Games and playing (sharing or performance) Values (preference to different values) /  "Parenting in other cultures (ctd.) #"( # Huijbers et al. (2002), behavioural autonomy and attachment in Moroccan adolescents: Lesser permission of making decisions More attachment to parents Boys: conflicts in first period of adolescence Girls: conflicts in second period of adolescence"U  "Parenting in other cultures (ctd.)##( # Pels (1998), values of Moroccan mothers: Continuity: transfer of values and culture Social performance Respect and obedience Social autonomy less important Other disciplining methods Different demands to boys and girls )   "Parenting in other cultures (ctd.)##( #  Van Niekerk (2000), Creole and Hindustan Surinam people: Both groups consider educational opportunities as important No difference in social mobility Hindustan parents are more strict, more safeguarding of culture, closed group Different attitude towards boys and girlsD9 n    "Parenting in other cultures (ctd.)##( # Chao (1994), Chinese parents: Strong emphasis on success in education Continuous  training of child in educational tasks Authoritarian parenting style, much controlling of child Not  training of child is being experienced by the child as neglectance,   "Parenting in other cultures (ctd.)##( # UWathum-Ocama & Rose (2002), Hmong-parents: Grief and disappointment over disability of child Teachers consider parents to be ashamed of child Parents: unconditional acceptance of child Support in use of hearing aids Child is free to, or not to, use hearing aids at home Children are ashamed of themselves Low expectations of child in parents&+Z+ZV V  "Parenting in other cultures (ctd.)##( # Nelson & Allison (2000), Aboriginal-parents: Little use of special education Survival more important: finding food, social relations Intuitive style of parenting: learning here-and-now Structure and continuity not considered as important$-ZZ    Adolescents and cultures  Vollebergh (1996), the Netherlands: Turkish and Moroccan people are in the lowest ranks of ethnic hierarchy Ethnical distance: preference of the own group highest in Caribbean and Surinam adolescents Limiting to the own group highest in Dutch adolescents Similarity between ethnic groups not because of culture, but the experience of discrimination Psychological well-being lower due to discrimination and lesser opportunities8$    Adolescents and cultures (ctd.)   8De Waal (1993): Ethnicity main factor in construction of peergroups Concentration of groups in areas and  black schools Mix of Dutch and non-Dutch adolescents mainly in groups with low SES and low education Non-Dutch girls have lesser opportunities to mix with other ethnic groups<Z Z   Adolescents and cultures (ctd.)   LForster & Kinuthia (2003): Deaf + Afro-American / Asian-American / Latin-American First Deaf, then member of an ethnic group First Usher, then Deaf  Nested identity 4!   Adolescents and cultures (ctd.)   Deaf and HoH adolescents: Psychological well-being lower because of discrimination and communication problems No automatic assimilation in the own ethnic group Easier to mix with other ethnic groups Being Deaf/HoH as a connecting aspect0ZZ$  Cross-cultural?  Hofstede (1998), differences between cultures in: individualism - collectivism authoritarian - egalitarian orientation moralism - rationalism gender-difference masculinity - femininity*2  Masculinity - femininity  Masculinity measured in 53 countries Netherlands: 51st place Arab countries: 23d place 1st place: Japan 9th place: United Kingdom 10th place: Germany 15th place: USA  Masculinity =   <Social success highly appreciated; both material as social status High appreciation of objects, houses, cars Men should be tough and strong, women should be soft and caring High rates of sex and violence in written media, TV and Internet Position of women in a society is no variable for the masculinity of a culture"=Z< = Cultural policies?  Starting point are foundational values: freedom Individual responsibility solidarity tolerance Problem: difference in interpretation of values, meaning of concepts through cultural differences. Who is right?2(Z7ZqZ  Cultural defined?  Human behaviour not only cultural defined but also: social-economic psychological ecological How about Deaf and HoH children? ,5)#  $Problems in intercultural pedagogics%% % ,Negative ideas about multiculturality Generalisation Lack of respect for diversity  If they are more like us, then they (and thus we) have lesser problems  Ethnocentric reflex : the habit of considering one s own values as standard values  Pedagogical inability of the society    *Myth: intercultural expertise (Dean, 2004),+  +  Modern definitions of culture:  Ideas, habits, competences, artefacts of a people or group that are being transferred to new generations (Webster s New World Dictionary, 1988). Or:  Organised activities, based on communal ideas and definitions (Becker, 1986)ZZ BhB B )BBB=B B $B$  Post-modern definition  XA culture is being constructed both by the individual and the society:  Culture is always defined by context and manifest and develops itself in an improvising manner. It transforms and is politically laden, it is moreover a matter of linguistics and language competence, of discourse (Laird, 1998)vGHBB B   - 6Intercultural competence, 3 components (Shadid, 2003)*7( 7 Individual: personal qualities; especially motivation, knowledge and skills Communication: communicative status of interactional partners, impression they have of each other communicative competence and social status. Relation: common competences, respect for each other s need for autonomy and privacy, reciprocal acceptance, etc.N" ZN N Third perspective  Open-minded for new ideas and experiences Empathy towards people from other cultures Being able to perceive differences and resemblances between cultures of others and one s own culture Tendency to describe behaviour that is not being understood, rather than value / judging it Acute and non-critical observances of one s own behaviour and the behaviour of others Capable in developing meaningful relations with people from other cultures Low ethnocentricityF" U`    Recommendations  Developing intercultural pedagogics in the education of Deaf and HoH children. Projects for parents. Not  to involve parents , but to co-operate with them. Attention for identity-construction and (meaning of) values in Deaf and HoH children.   !Food for thought  Plurality is the condition of human action, because we are all the same, that is, human, in such a way that nobody is ever the same as anyone else who ever lived, lives, or will live. Hannah Arendt, The Human Condition (1989, p.8) ZZ/ZZ+,  +3  $$((,, 004488  * ` >y5fw:q ̙` 3f3f` www` I$nIȰ̙>?" dd@,?nKd@ @F " d@ `h U n?" dd@   @@``PP   @ ` `p>> 'w'EE'(  ,T   "n  0 0"n  0 `"n  0 "n  0  P"n  0 "n  0 "n   0 @p"n   0 "n   0 0"n   0 `"n   0 "n  0  P"n  0 "n  0 "n  0 @p"n  0 "n  0 0"n  0 `"n  0 "n  0  P"n  0 "n  0 "n  0 @p"n  0 "n  0  0 "n  0 `  "n  0   "n  0  P "n  0   "n   0   "n ! 0 @ p "n " 0   "n # 0  0 "n $ 0 `  "n % 0   "n & 0  P "n ' 0   "n ( 0  "n ) 0 @p"n * 0 "n + 0 0"n , 0 `"n - 0 "n . 0  P"n / 0 "n 0 0 "n 1 0 @p"n 2 0 "n 3 0 0"n 4 0 `"n 5 0 "n 6 0  P"n 7 0 "n 8 0 "n 9 0 @p"n : 0 "n ; 0 0"n < 0 `"n = 0 "n > 0  P" ? 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'!! !! .--ty,-- 3fHelvetica$ Jww w0- .:2 "Corrie Tijsseling, M.Sc. in Theory     $   . .-2 and History of Pedagogics      .Helvetica 0ww w0- .72 @ FEAPDA-2005, Geneva, Switzerland     .--"System !Hw-&TNPP &՜.+,D՜.+,D    DiavoorstellingViataalj Times New Roman Helvetica WingdingsVerdanaArial Bold StripesIntercultural Pedagogics Introduction#Parenting styles in other cultures#Parenting in other cultures (ctd.)#Parenting in other cultures (ctd.)#Parenting in other cultures (ctd.)#Parenting in other cultures (ctd.)#Parenting in other cultures (ctd.)#Parenting in other cultures (ctd.)Adolescents and cultures Adolescents and cultures (ctd.) Adolescents and cultures (ctd.) Adolescents and cultures (ctd.)Cross-cultural?Masculinity - femininityMasculinity = Cultural policies?Cultural defined?%Problems in intercultural pedagogics+Myth: intercultural expertise (Dean, 2004)Post-modern definition7Intercultural competence, 3 components (Shadid, 2003)Third perspectiveRecommendationsFood for thought Gebruikte lettertypen Ontwerpsjabloon Diatitels 6> _PID_GUIDAN{C01F66DF-08DA-4843-A4B1-48618AA971F2}&_hGuido Lichtert  !"#$%&'()*+,-./0123456789:;<=>?@ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ[\]^_`abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz{|}~Root EntrydO)Current UserSummaryInformation($PowerPoint Document(DocumentSummaryInformation8Root EntrydO)pˣCurrent UserDSummaryInformation($PowerPoint Document($_h Jason MongerJason Monger